Comparative Analysis of Largest Democracies of theWorld-India and USA -*Dr. S. Vijay Kumar It is my privilege and pleasure to write and publish this article on the eve of America’s Independence Day celebrations on July 4th, 2026. India is a land of ancient civilization; its origins are deeply rooted in the Indian subcontinent, one of the oldest continuously inhabited regions on Earth, with human presence dating back over 250,000 years. Sedentary life began about 7,000 BCE. By 4,500 BCE, settled communities had spread, laying the groundwork for the Indus Valley Civilization (2600–1900 BCE), one of the world’s threegreatearlycradlesofcivilizationalongsideMesopotamiaandEgypt.Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro featured advanced urban planning, drainage systems, standardized weights, and extensive trade networks. This civilization was territorially larger than either Egypt or Mesopotamia and is notable for its relatively egalitarian urban design and sophisticated water management. Its peo...
Artficial Intelligence In The Present World - Challenges, Future Outlook With A Special Reference To India
Artificial Intelligence In The Present World – Future Outlook And Challenges: With Special Reference to India RGDOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28122.09921 -*Dr. S. Vijay Kumar Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence by machines, enabling them to perform tasks that typically require human cognition, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. John McCarthy coined the term 'artificial intelligence’ in 1956. He defined it as ‘the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. The Study of Artificial Intelligence is one of the currently emerging fields. As technology advances, previous benchmarks that defined artificial intelligence become outdated. For example, machines that ca...