- Dr. S. Vijay Kumar Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. It is a subset of computer science that focuses on machine-driven intelligence (i.e., non-human intelligence). John McCarthy coined the term 'artificial intelligence’ in 1956. He defined it as ‘the science and engineering of making intelligent machines” . The Study of Artificial Intelligence is one of the currently emerging fields. As technology advances, previous benchmarks that defined artificial intelligence become outdated. For example, machines that calculate basic functions or recognize text through optical character recognition are no longer considered to embody artificial intelligence, since this function is now taken for granted as an inherent computer function. Artificial intelligence